Coronary artery disease grading by cardiac CT for predicting outcome in patients with stable angina

Christian U Oeing1, Matthew B Matheson2, Mohammad R Ostovaneh3

  • 1Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD, USA; Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Insights

For patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD), a history of CHD is the strongest predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). In those without prior CHD, coronary calcium scoring offers effective risk stratification.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Coronary atheroma burden is a key driver of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • Current methods for grading coronary heart disease burden lack consensus for effective risk stratification.
  • This study aimed to compare the efficacy of common CHD grading tools for symptomatic patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various coronary heart disease (CHD) grading tools in risk stratifying symptomatic patients.
  • To determine the best predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with suspected CHD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5-year outcomes in 381 patients from the CORE320 multicenter study.
  • Utilized baseline clinical data and cardiac CT imaging including coronary artery calcium score (CACS), percent atheroma volume, high-risk plaque, CAD-RADS, and simplified staging systems.
  • Applied Cox proportional hazard models and AUC analysis to predict MACE, stratified by CHD history.

Main Results:

  • Clinical characteristics were the strongest MACE predictors in the overall cohort.
  • In patients without prior CHD, CACS was the sole independent MACE predictor (AUC 73%), outperforming clinical characteristics (AUC 64%).
  • Simple CHD grading schemes demonstrated similar risk stratification to CAD-RADS; noncalcified plaque volume offered no additional prognostic value.

Conclusions:

  • A history of CHD is the most significant predictor of MACE in patients undergoing invasive angiography.
  • For patients without a history of CHD, coronary calcium scoring provides risk stratification comparable to more complex grading methods.
Abstract

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