Using AI and BES/MFC to decrease the prediction time of BOD₅ measurement

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is one of the most important water/wastewater quality parameters. BOD₅ is the amount of oxygen consumed in 5 days by microorganisms that oxidize biodegradable organic materials in an aerobic biochemical manner. The primary objective of this research is to apply microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to reduce the time requirement of BOD₅ measurements. An artificial neural network (ANN) has been created, and the predictions we obtained for BOD₅ measurements were carried out within 6-24 h with an average error of 7%. The outcomes demonstrated the viability of our AI MFC/BES BOD₅ sensor in real-life scenarios.