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Experimental Protocol to Investigate Particle Aerosolization of a Product Under Abrasion and Under Environmental Weathering
Published on: September 16, 2016
Disinfection by-product precursors introduced by sandstorm events: Composition, formation characteristics and
Zhenqi Du1, Shunke Ding2, Rong Xiao2
1State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan 250101, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai 200092, China.
Abstract:
Sandstorms, a natural meteorological event, occur repeatedly during the dry season and can accumulate large amounts of natural/anthropogenic pollutants during the deposition process, potentially introducing disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors into surface waters. In this study, the characteristics of sandstorm-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its DBP formation potential were elucidated. Overall, sandstorm-derived DOM mainly consisted of low-molecular-weight, low-aromaticity, high-nitrogen organic matter, with a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release yield of 14.4 mg-DOC/g. The halogenated DBP formation potential (calculated as total organic halogen) of sandstorm-derived DOM was comparable to that of surface water, while the normalized DBP-associated toxicity was 1.96 times higher. Similar to DOM introduced by other depositional pathways, sandstorm-derived DOM also had higher yields of highly cytotoxic DBPs (haloacetaldehydes [HALs], haloacetonitriles [HANs] and halonitromethanes [HNMs]). The average atmospheric deposition flux for DOM during the sandstorm event (50.4 ± 2.1 kg km-2 day-1) was 6.95 times higher than that of dry deposition, indicating a higher probability of contaminant input. Simultaneously, the estimation revealed that the sandstorm will increase the formation potential of toxicity forcing agents, such as HALs, HANs and HNMs, in surface water by 3.87%, 2.39% and 9.04%, respectively. Considering the high frequency of sandstorm events and the sorption of other organic pollutants by sand and dust, the impact of sandstorms on surface water quality should be of concern.
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