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Improved source localization in passive acoustic mapping using delay-multiply-and-sum beamforming with virtually

Che-Chou Shen1, You-An Chen1, Hsin-Yu Ku1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.

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Summary

This study introduces an advanced passive acoustic mapping (PAM) method using Delay-Multiply-and-Sum with virtual augmented aperture (DMAS-VA) to precisely locate cavitation sources during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatments. The novel technique significantly improves image resolution and contrast while eliminating artifacts, enhancing HIFU therapy monitoring.

Keywords:
DMAS coherent factor (DCF)Delay-multiply and sum (DMAS)High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)Passive acoustic mapping (PAM)Virtually augmented aperture

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Acoustic Imaging
  • Ultrasound Technology

Background:

  • High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) offers non-invasive therapeutic applications like tissue ablation and blood-brain barrier opening.
  • HIFU's efficacy relies on thermal necrosis and mechanical destruction from acoustic cavitation.
  • Passive acoustic mapping (PAM) monitors cavitation but conventional methods (TEA) lack resolution and exhibit artifacts, hindering precise source localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel adaptive PAM method for improved localization of HIFU-induced cavitation.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional time exposure acoustics (TEA) algorithms, specifically poor spatial resolution and X-shaped artifacts.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a novel adaptive PAM method combining Delay-Multiply-and-Sum (DMAS) beamforming with a virtual augmented aperture (VA).
  • DMAS-VA involves scaling waveform magnitudes by the p-th root and phases by L, followed by p-th power restoration and signal power accumulation.
  • Introduced a DMAS coherent factor (DCF) to mitigate grating lobes and artifacts introduced by the VA method.

Main Results:

  • The proposed DMAS-VA method demonstrated superior image resolution and contrast compared to conventional TEA in simulations and experiments.
  • DCF weighting effectively eliminated detectable image artifacts, including grating lobes and false main lobes.
  • The enhanced PAM technique allows for more precise monitoring and localization of cavitation sources during HIFU procedures.

Conclusions:

  • The novel DMAS-VA method with DCF weighting represents a significant advancement in passive acoustic mapping for HIFU.
  • This technique provides artifact-free, high-resolution imaging, crucial for accurate cavitation source localization.
  • The improved PAM capability enhances the safety and efficacy of HIFU-based therapies.