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Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...

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A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 4, 2022

Self-supervised learning with application for infant cerebellum segmentation and analysis.

Yue Sun¹, Limei Wang¹, Kun Gao¹

¹Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.

Nature Communications

|August 5, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a self-supervised learning framework for infant cerebellum segmentation, revealing rapid early development primarily driven by gray matter. Findings show sex-based volume differences and larger volumes in autistic males.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Developmental Neuroscience
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Background:

Accurate infant cerebellum segmentation is vital for understanding early neurodevelopment.
Existing methods face challenges due to cortical folding, low contrast, and data heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an accurate self-supervised learning framework for infant cerebellum segmentation.
To characterize early cerebellar development and identify factors influencing growth.

Main Methods:

Developed a self-supervised learning framework for infant cerebellum segmentation.
Validated the framework's accuracy across 358 subjects from three independent datasets.

Main Results:

The first six postnatal months show the most rapid and dynamic cerebellar changes.
Gray matter (GM) volume significantly influences cerebellar growth more than white matter (WM).
Males exhibit larger GM and WM volumes than females; autistic males show larger volumes than neurotypical males.

Conclusions:

The proposed framework enables accurate infant cerebellum segmentation.
Early cerebellar development is dynamic, with distinct patterns observed in males and autistic individuals.
Wider application of this method will advance research into cerebellar structure and function in typical and atypical development.