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Energy and macronutrient intakes in Jordan: a population study
Huda Al Hourani1, Buthaina Alkhatib2, Islam Al-Shami2
1Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan. hhourani@hu.edu.jo.
Scientific Reports
|August 5, 2023
Summary
Jordanian dietary habits show high energy and fat intake, with insufficient fiber consumption across all age groups. This nutritional imbalance contributes to rising obesity and overweight rates, necessitating public health interventions.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
- Dietary Assessment
Background:
- Jordan has historically lacked comprehensive nutrition surveys to assess population-level nutrient and energy intake.
- Understanding current dietary patterns is crucial for addressing non-communicable diseases and public health challenges in Jordan.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the energy and macronutrient consumption of the Jordanian population.
- To identify deviations from recommended dietary allowances and assess associated health implications.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional food consumption study utilizing two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls (24-h DR) from October 2021 to March 2022.
- Inclusion of 2145 participants aged 8-85 years, with subsequent calculation of energy and nutrient intakes, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR).
Main Results:
- Higher under-reporting of intake observed in women (58.2%) compared to men (45.9%).
- Prevalence of obesity (29.6%) and overweight (41.4%) was significant, particularly in adult and older adult women and men, respectively.
- Mean energy intake exceeded recommended levels across children, boys, and all adults.
- Mean total fat intake (38% of energy) surpassed the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), while mean dietary fiber intake (13.5-19.5 g/day) fell below recommended levels.
Conclusions:
- The Jordanian population exhibits a dietary pattern characterized by excessive fat consumption and inadequate fiber intake.
- Significant deviations in energy and macronutrient profiles from recommended dietary allowances were observed across all age groups.
- Urgent public health actions are required to address these suboptimal dietary patterns and mitigate associated health risks.
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