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Six-Month Follow-up of COVID-19 Patients: Mortality and Related Factors

Mohammad Haji Aghajani1,2, Mohammad Sistanizad1,3, Amirmohammad Toloui4

  • 1Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Archives of Iranian Medicine
|August 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Post-discharge deaths are common in COVID-19 patients, especially within the first month. Elderly patients with decreased blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and lymphocyte counts require cautious discharge and close monitoring for relapse.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Limited evidence exists on the long-term prognosis of patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Understanding post-discharge outcomes is crucial for managing COVID-19 survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the 6-month outcomes of patients discharged from hospital after COVID-19 recovery.
  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality following hospital discharge for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study analyzed 614 patients discharged between February 18 and July 20, 2020.
  • The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 6 months post-discharge.

Main Results:

  • The 6-month all-cause mortality rate was 7.8% (48 deaths).
  • COVID-19 relapse caused 54.2% of deaths, with 44.2% occurring in the first week and 74.4% in the first month post-discharge.
  • Increased age, neutrophil percentage, and heart rate were risk factors for mortality, while higher hematocrit, oxygen saturation, and mean arterial pressure were protective.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 patients face a significant risk of death after hospital discharge, often due to relapse.
  • Elderly patients with declining physiological parameters (mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, lymphocyte count) need careful discharge planning.
  • A one-month follow-up is recommended, with prompt hospital readmission advised upon signs of relapse.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Long-term follow upMortalityRisk factors

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