Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2025

A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
Published on: July 1, 2021
Exploratory analysis of local extreme-temperature attributable mortality in an urban city of Madrid
J López-Bueno1, C Linares2, J Díaz2
1Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Aim:
to assess the Heat (HW) and Cold Waves (CW) risks on health in the urban municipality of Getafe.
Methodology:
time series analysis between 01/01/1999-31/10/2013.
Dependent Variable:
daily mortality due to natural causes - (ICD-10): A99-R99-.
Independent Variables:
the maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) daily temperature. The mortality-temperature relationship was analysed to determine the thresholds of HW (Thresholdheat) and CW (Thresholdcold). Using Poisson GLM (link = log), the Relative Risk (RR), Attributable Risk (AR) and Attributable Mortality (AM) were determined for each degree of the Tmax exceeding the Thresholdheat (Theat) and for each degree of Tmin under the Thresholdcold (Tcold). Finally, socioeconomic variables were analysed descriptively.
Results:
Thresholdheat was 36 °C while Thresholdcold was 0 °C. The RRs associated with Theat, i.e. 1.08 (1.03 1.14), are akin to those obtained for Tcold, i.e. 1.05 (1.03 1.08). There were 202 HW and 430 CW episodes. The AM to HW totalled 61 (25, 96) deaths, while that attributable to CW reached 146 (82,211) deaths. The vulnerability in Getafe seems to be lower than in surrounding similar urban and rural cities.
Conclusions:
The singular urban development of the municipality may have granted it an advantage over surrounding municipalities regarding temperature extremes.
Related Concept Videos
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
Factors Affecting Body Temperature
Factors may include:
Introduction To Survival Analysis
The primary goal of survival analysis is to estimate survival time—the time...

