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Postmortem changes in ancient Egyptian child mummies: Possible pitfalls on CT images
Stephanie Panzer1, Stephanie Zesch2, Wilfried Rosendahl2
1Department of Radiology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau, Prof-Küntscher-Straße 8, D-82418 Murnau, Germany; Institute of Biomechanics, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria, Prof-Küntscher-Straße 8 D-82418 Murnau, Germany.
International Journal of Paleopathology
|August 6, 2023
Summary
Computed tomography (CT) identified postmortem changes in ancient Egyptian child mummies, including resin invasion and natron-related fluid levels. These findings challenge current views on natron application during mummification.
Area of Science:
- Paleoradiology
- Egyptology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Ancient Egyptian mummification practices are extensively studied.
- Computed tomography (CT) offers a non-invasive method for examining mummies.
- Differentiating postmortem changes from antemortem pathology is crucial for accurate interpretation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and interpret computed tomography (CT) findings of postmortem changes in ancient Egyptian child mummies.
- To classify and illustrate specific postmortem alterations observed in CT scans.
- To provide a framework for future paleoradiological investigations.
Main Methods:
- Whole-body CT examinations were performed on 21 ancient Egyptian child mummies.
- CT findings assessed as postmortem changes were classified.
- Special cases, including resin invasion, natron effects, and insect infestation, were illustrated and discussed.
Main Results:
- Postmortem changes were categorized, with specific examples of resin/oil/tar invasion into bone.
- Dried fluid levels within bone, likely from natron, were observed.
- Evidence of natron interaction with soft tissues/bone and insect infestation was demonstrated.
Conclusions:
- Postmortem changes in mummies can be subtle and mimic diseases, posing a challenge in paleoradiology.
- Observed intraosseous fluid levels suggest immersion in liquid natron, contrasting with the view of solid natron application.
- Awareness of these CT findings is essential to prevent misinterpretation of pathology.
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