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Early life predictors of obstructive sleep apnoea in young adults: Insights from a longitudinal community cohort

Mon Ohn1, Nigel McArdle2, R Nazim Khan3

  • 1Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Pediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Perioperative Medicine Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.

Sleep Medicine
|August 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Maternal health during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, and neonatal factors like male sex, predict obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in young adults. Improving maternal health may reduce the risk of developing OSA later in life.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Early-life predictors for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in young adults are not well-established.
  • Identifying these predictors is crucial for early intervention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify maternal and neonatal factors in early life that predispose individuals to developing OSA in young adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 923 participants from the Western Australian Pregnancy Raine Study Cohort.
  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was diagnosed via polysomnography at age 22.
  • Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine associations between maternal/neonatal factors and young adult OSA.

Main Results:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was diagnosed in 20.8% of participants.
  • Maternal factors associated with increased OSA risk included gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, advanced maternal age (≥35 years), maternal overweight/obesity, and Chinese ethnicity.
  • Neonatal factors linked to higher OSA risk included male sex, meconium-stained liquor, and special care nursery admission. Longer birth length was associated with reduced OSA odds.

Conclusions:

  • Several maternal and neonatal factors are significant predictors of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in young adults.
  • These predictors encompass maternal metabolic health, pregnancy complications, and perinatal events.
  • Focusing on improving maternal health and managing high-risk pregnancies may decrease the incidence of OSA in young adulthood.
Abstract

Keywords:
Early-life predictorsMaternal healthOSARaine studyYoung adult

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