Nanotoxicity assessment in plants: an updated overview

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Biotechnology
• Environmental Science
• Materials Science

Background:

• Nanomaterial applications in agriculture are increasing due to unique properties.
• Understanding the nano-biointerface is crucial for assessing environmental and biological impacts.
• Nanoparticle use necessitates evaluating their fate, distribution, and potential toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the factors, mechanisms, and risk assessment of nanoparticle hazardous effects on plant health.
• To elaborate on methods for evaluating plant nanotoxicity.
• To provide recommendations for designing safer nanomaterials for sustainable agriculture.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on nanoparticle-plant interactions.
• Analysis of eco-toxicological effects and plant physiological/biochemical alterations.
• Evaluation of risk factors influencing nanoparticle accumulation, translocation, and cytogenotoxicity.

Main Results:

• Nanoparticles exhibit both beneficial and adverse effects on plants, leading to toxicities.
• Interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems cause eco-toxicological effects and metabolic changes.
• Several risk factors influence nanoparticle accumulation and genotoxicity in plants.

Conclusions:

• Nanomaterial application in agriculture requires careful risk assessment due to potential adverse effects.
• Developing safer, high-quality nanomaterials is essential for environmental safety and smarter agriculture.
• Recommendations are provided for designing nanomaterials that balance efficacy with ecological sustainability.