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Dr. ChatGPT: Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Education.

Michael S Lebhar¹, Alexander Velazquez², Shelby Goza²

¹Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association

|August 7, 2023

Summary

ChatGPT can generate understandable surgical steps for the Fisher cleft lip repair, but lacks expert detail. Less experienced trainees preferred ChatGPT

Keywords:

artificial intelligence craniofacial surgery surgical technique

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Artificial Intelligence in Surgery

Background:

The capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) like ChatGPT in specialized medical fields remain largely unexamined.
Surgical education requires precise procedural descriptions for effective training.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate ChatGPT's ability to describe the surgical steps of the Fisher cleft lip repair.
To compare AI-generated descriptions with expert-authored descriptions.

Main Methods:

ChatGPT generated procedural steps for the Fisher cleft lip repair.
A craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgeon authored the same procedure description.
A blinded survey compared resident and medical student understanding, preference, and author identification of both descriptions.

Main Results:

Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) residents identified more inaccuracies in the ChatGPT response and preferred the surgeon's description.
Less experienced residents and medical students struggled to differentiate the authors and preferred ChatGPT's explanation, selecting it for performing the surgery.

Conclusions:

ChatGPT can produce clear, followable procedural steps suitable for general medical education.
AI lacks the expert-level anatomical and measurement detail necessary for performing complex surgical procedures.
AI shows potential in surgical education but requires expert oversight for procedural accuracy.