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Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients
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Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Literature Review of Current Recommendations on Diagnosis and Management

Rutul Patel1, Anuja Mahesh Mistry1, Venkatachalam Mulukutla2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.

Cureus
|August 7, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a rare heart condition causing granulomas in the heart muscle, leading to serious health issues. This review covers CS diagnosis, management, and the role of devices like ICDs for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a rare multisystem inflammatory disease.
  • It involves granulomatous infiltration of the myocardium, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Clinical presentations vary widely, from conduction abnormalities to heart failure and sudden cardiac death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of CS diagnosis and clinical features.
  • To review current medical management strategies for CS.
  • To explore the role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and positron emission tomography (PET) in CS management.

Main Methods:

  • This is a comprehensive review article.
  • Literature search on diagnosis, clinical features, and management of CS.
  • Discussion of current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including device therapy and advanced imaging.

Main Results:

  • CS diagnosis can be challenging due to varied presentations.
  • Current management focuses on immunosuppression and heart failure therapy.
  • ICDs are crucial for preventing sudden cardiac death in eligible patients.
  • PET imaging shows promise in assessing disease activity and guiding treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of CS requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Early diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential for improving patient prognosis.
  • Further research is needed to optimize therapeutic strategies and diagnostic tools for CS.

Keywords:
anti-inflammatory agentsatrio-ventricular blockcardiac sarcoidosisimmunosuppressive therapyimplantable cardiac defibrillator (icd)late gadolinium enhacementmri cardiacnon caseating granuloma

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