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Factors Affecting Hospitalization Length and in-Hospital Death Due to COVID-19 Infection in Saudi Arabia: A
Omar A Al Omair1, Abdallah Essa2,3, Khaled Elzorkany4,5
1Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Insights
COVID-19 patients with longer hospital stays had ICU admission, low serum albumin, and high LDH. In-hospital deaths were predicted by ICU admission, diabetes, respiratory diseases, high white blood cell count, and low albumin.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- COVID-19 pandemic necessitates understanding factors influencing patient outcomes.
- Predicting disease severity and mortality risk is crucial for healthcare management.
- Identifying determinants of hospitalization length and in-hospital death aids emergency planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors associated with prolonged hospital stay in COVID-19 patients.
- To determine predictors of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 cases.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 630 COVID-19 patients (August-October 2020).
- Multivariable logistic regression analysis utilized to assess associations.
- Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported.
Main Results:
- Mean hospital stay was 10.4±11.6 days; overall mortality rate was 14.3%.
- Factors linked to longer hospital stays included ICU admission, low serum albumin, and elevated LDH.
- Predictors of mortality comprised ICU admission, diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, elevated total leukocytic count, and low serum albumin.
Conclusions:
- ICU admission, low serum albumin, and elevated LDH levels correlate with extended hospitalization for COVID-19.
- Independent predictors of in-hospital death include ICU admission, diabetes, respiratory comorbidities, elevated white blood cell count, and serum albumin levels.
Background:
The emerging COVID-19 coronavirus disease has widely spread, causing a serious worldwide pandemic. Disease severity and mortality risk can be predicted using an analysis of COVID-19 clinical characteristics. Finding out what influences patients' hospitalization length and in-hospital mortality is crucial for decision-making and planning for emergencies. The goal of this study is to identify the factors that influence hospital stay length and in-hospital death due to COVID-19 infection.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2020 and included 630 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), a multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the variables that are linked to longer hospital stays and in-hospital deaths.
Results:
Most patients were male (64.3%), and most were older than 40 years (81.4%). The mean length of hospital stay (LoHS) was 10.4±11.6 days. The overall death rate among these COVID-19 cases was 14.3%. Non-survivors were older, had more comorbidities, had prolonged LoHS with increased ICU admission rates and mechanical ventilation usage, and had a more severe condition than survivors. ICU admission, low serum albumin, and elevated LDH levels were associated with longer LoHS, while ICU admission, DM, and respiratory diseases as comorbidities, total leukocytic count, and serum albumin were predictors of mortality.
Conclusion:
Longer LoHS due to COVID-19 infection was linked to ICU admission, low serum albumin, and elevated LDH levels, while the independent predictors of in-hospital death were ICU admission, DM, and respiratory diseases as comorbidities, total leukocytic count, and serum albumin.
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