Ribosome Heterogeneity in Development and Disease

The functional ribosome is composed of ∼80 ribosome proteins. With the intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) value, we calculate the stoichiometry ratio of each ribosome protein. We analyze the ribosome ratio-omics (Ribosome ^R ), which reflects the holistic signature of ribosome composition, in various biological samples with distinct functions, developmental stages, and pathological outcomes. The Ribosome ^R reveals significant ribosome heterogeneity among different tissues of fat, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscles. During tissue development, testes at various stages of spermatogenesis show distinct Ribosome ^R signatures. During in vitro neuronal maturation, the Ribosome ^R changes reveal functional association with certain molecular aspects of neurodevelopment. Regarding ribosome heterogeneity associated with pathological conditions, the Ribosome ^R signature of gastric tumors is functionally linked to pathways associated with tumorigenesis. Moreover, the Ribosome ^R undergoes dynamic changes in macrophages following immune challenges. Taken together, with the examination of a broad spectrum of biological samples, the Ribosome ^R barcode reveals ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in cell function, development, and disease.

Ratio-omics signature of ribosome deciphers functionally relevant heterogeneity in development and disease.