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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
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Complementary cognitive roles for D2-MSNs and D1-MSNs during interval timing.

Robert Bruce, Matthew A Weber, Alexandra Bova

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |August 7, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mice use distinct striatal pathways for timing. Dopamine receptor-expressing neurons in the direct and indirect pathways work together to control interval timing, offering insights into basal ganglia functions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Science
    • Computational Neuroscience

    Background:

    • The precise role of striatal pathways in cognitive functions like interval timing remains largely unknown.
    • Interval timing involves estimating time intervals, requiring working memory and attention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the distinct roles of D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs in the dorsomedial striatum during interval timing tasks in mice.
    • To understand how these neuronal populations contribute to the temporal control of action.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized optogenetic tagging to record from D1-MSNs (direct pathway) and D2-MSNs (indirect pathway) in mice during interval timing.
    • Employed principal component analyses and generalized linear models to analyze MSN dynamics.
    • Developed and constrained a drift-diffusion computational model using MSN recordings.

    Main Results:

    • D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs displayed distinct activity dynamics over temporal intervals.
    • Disrupting either D1-MSNs or D2-MSNs increased response times in interval timing tasks.
    • Pharmacological disruption altered MSN dynamics and impaired temporal decoding, confirming model predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs contribute complementarily to interval timing, despite opposing dynamics.
    • The direct and indirect striatal pathways cooperate to shape temporal control of action.
    • Findings offer insights into basal ganglia cognitive operations and implications for striatal diseases.