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Epidemiology of birth defects based on a birth defects surveillance system in southwestern China and the associated

Zhenren Peng1,2,3,4, Jie Wei1,2,3,4, Biyan Chen1,2,3,4

  • 1Birth Defects Research Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|August 7, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Birth defects (BDs) prevalence increased significantly in Guangxi from 2016-2020, particularly congenital heart defects (CHDs). Older maternal age, higher education, and diabetes were identified as key risk factors for BDs.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Birth defects (BDs) represent a complex global health challenge with diverse etiologies.
  • Understanding regional epidemiological patterns and risk factors is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiological trends of birth defects in Guangxi, China, from 2016 to 2020.
  • To identify associated risk factors contributing to the prevalence of birth defects in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Guangxi birth defects monitoring network (2016-2020) for perinatal infants.
  • Employed Poisson regression to analyze prevalence trends and Spearman correlation to identify risk factors.
  • Examined infant gender, maternal age, maternal education, pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and family history.

Main Results:

  • A total of 44,146 infants with BDs were monitored, with an overall prevalence of 121.71 per 10,000.
  • A significant increasing trend in BD prevalence was observed (PRR=1.116), with congenital heart defects (CHDs) showing the most substantial rise (PRR=1.300).
  • Positive correlations were found between BDs and advanced maternal age (R=0.732), higher maternal education (R=0.586), and diabetes (PGDM/GDM) (R=0.711).

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a significant increase in birth defect prevalence in Guangxi, with CHDs being a major concern.
  • Advanced maternal age, higher educational attainment, and pre-existing or gestational diabetes are identified as significant risk factors.
  • These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and improved prenatal care in the region.
Abstract

Keywords:
birth defectsepidemiologyperinatal infantspregnant womenrisk factors

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