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Stingless bee classification and biology (Hymenoptera, Apidae): a review, with an updated key to genera and subgenera
Michael S Engel1, Claus Rasmussen2, Ricardo Ayala3
1Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79.
Abstract:
Stingless bees (Meliponini) are a ubiquitous and diverse element of the pantropical melittofauna, and have significant cultural and economic importance. This review outlines their diversity, and provides identification keys based on external morphology, brief accounts for each of the recognized genera, and an updated checklist of all living and fossil species. In total there are currently 605 described extant species in 45 extant genera, and a further 18 extinct species in nine genera, seven of which are extinct. A new fossil genus, Adactylurina Engel, gen. nov., is also described for a species in Miocene amber from Ethiopia. In addition to the systematic review, the biology of stingless bees is summarized with an emphasis on aspects related to their nesting biology and architecture.
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