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Characteristics of macroscopic sleep structure in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

Yahui Liang1, Weihua Liu2, Meizi Wang1

  • 1School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|August 7, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often experience disrupted sleep architecture, including altered sleep duration and efficiency. Addressing these sleep issues may help slow cognitive decline in MCI patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a precursor to dementia, with sleep disturbances frequently reported.
  • Objective measurement tools for macroscopic sleep architecture in MCI subtypes (amnestic MCI [aMCI] and non-amnestic MCI [naMCI]) require systematic evaluation.
  • Understanding sleep patterns is crucial for developing targeted interventions for MCI patients.

Approach:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using data from multiple databases (PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, etc.) up to April 2023.
  • Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers.
  • Statistical analysis utilized RevMan 5.4 software to synthesize findings from 25 included studies involving 1,165 participants.

Key Points:

  • MCI and aMCI patients exhibited significantly altered total sleep time, reduced sleep efficiency, increased wake-time after sleep onset (WASO), longer sleep latency, and abnormal proportions of N1, N2, and N3 sleep stages.
  • naMCI patients showed statistically significant differences primarily in WASO.
  • These findings highlight widespread macroscopic sleep architecture abnormalities in MCI.

Conclusions:

  • Macroscopic sleep architecture is demonstrably abnormal in MCI patients, suggesting a link between sleep disorders and cognitive impairment.
  • Strategies focusing on normal sleep duration, improved sleep efficiency, and reduced sleep fragmentation may mitigate cognitive decline.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of specific sleep structure components on interventions for sleep disturbances and cognition in MCI subtypes.
Keywords:
amnestic mild cognitive impairmentmacroscopic sleep architecturemild cognitive impairmentnon-amnestic mild cognitive impairmentsleepsystematic review

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