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Fluid flow to mimic organ function in 3D in vitro models.

Yago Juste-Lanas, Silvia Hervas-Raluy1, José Manuel García-Aznar

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Research Institute of Aragón (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.

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Summary

Current in vitro models often miss physiological fluid dynamics crucial for tissue homeostasis. This review emphasizes the need for perfusion in 3D models, discussing current fluid-flow setups and future directions for organoids and organs-on-chips.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioengineering
  • Physiology
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • In vitro models are essential for studying organ physiology, tissue function, and disease.
  • Existing models often lack the physiological fluid dynamics found in vivo.
  • Fluid flow is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis in various biological structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis in vitro.
  • To emphasize the need for perfusion in current 3D in vitro models.
  • To discuss current experimental fluid-flow setups, their advantages, and limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro modeling strategies.
  • Analysis of fluid dynamics in physiological systems.
  • Discussion of perfusion techniques in 3D cell culture.
  • Evaluation of organoids and organs-on-a-chip platforms.

Main Results:

  • Fluid flow is vital for tissue homeostasis in vessels, lumen structures, and the interstitium.
  • Current 3D in vitro models often fail to incorporate physiological fluid dynamics.
  • Various experimental fluid-flow setups have distinct advantages and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Perfusion is necessary to improve the physiological relevance of current 3D in vitro models.
  • Organoids and organs-on-a-chip represent advanced platforms for in vitro modeling with fluid flow.
  • Future research should focus on integrating sophisticated fluid flow models into bioengineered platforms.