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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Bioflavonoid characterization

Background:

  • Quercetin, a widely used bioflavonoid in nutraceuticals and food, possesses diverse solid forms.
  • These solid forms exhibit varying physicochemical properties, influencing product performance.
  • A comprehensive understanding of quercetin's solid-state landscape is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex solid-form landscape of quercetin.
  • To characterize elusive solvates and anhydrous polymorphs of quercetin.
  • To provide insights for controlling functional properties in quercetin-containing products.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental characterization of quercetin solvates obtained from ethanol and methanol.
  • High-temperature treatment and ambient storage to induce desolvation.
  • Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) for structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • Two isostructural, yet highly unstable, quercetin solvates were isolated.
  • The desolvated structure of these solvates was successfully solved.
  • At least two distinct anhydrous polymorphs of quercetin were identified through structural comparison.

Conclusions:

  • Quercetin presents a complex solid-form polymorphism.
  • Characterization of unstable solvates and anhydrous forms is essential.
  • Control over quercetin's solid forms is critical for optimizing its application in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.