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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
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Coengineering specificity, safety, and function into T cells for cancer immunotherapy.

Greta Maria Paola Giordano Attianese1, Sarah Ash1, Melita Irving1

  • 1Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Summary

Adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT) shows promise in treating cancers by engineering T cells. New coengineering strategies aim to overcome challenges like tumor resistance and improve ACT efficacy for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
T cell receptor (TCR)T cellscancercell activationchimeric antigen receptor (CAR)cytotoxicgene-engineeringimmunotherapiestumor immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT) therapies, including tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and genetically modified T cells (TCR-T and CAR-T), have shown clinical success in certain cancers.
  • CD19-CAR therapy has been particularly effective against B-cell malignancies, but challenges like relapse and limited efficacy in solid tumors persist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced T-cell coengineering strategies designed to enhance the efficacy of ACT.
  • To highlight novel tools, receptors, and gene-cargo approaches for augmenting tumor control and overcoming resistance mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in T-cell coengineering for ACT.
  • Analysis of strategies to improve T-cell function, trafficking, and tumor microenvironment modulation.
  • Discussion of innovative CAR designs and gene-modification techniques.

Main Results:

  • Coengineering strategies can enhance T-cell specificity, safety, and function.
  • These strategies aim to overcome challenges such as T-cell exhaustion, tumor resistance, and suppressive tumor microenvironments.
  • New approaches are being developed to harness both transferred and endogenous immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • T-cell coengineering offers promising avenues to improve ACT efficacy against a broader range of cancers.
  • Overcoming biological barriers within the tumor microenvironment and enhancing T-cell persistence are key areas of development.
  • Continued innovation in gene-modification and T-cell engineering is crucial for advancing ACT in clinical settings.