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Longitudinal Examination of Sexual Risk Behavior in College Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity

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College students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit higher rates of risky sexual behavior. Medication may help decrease this behavior over time, while substance use and mental health conditions present additional risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with various behavioral challenges.
  • Risky sexual behavior (RSB) is a significant public health concern among college students.
  • Understanding predictors of RSB in specific populations, like those with ADHD, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in rates and predictors of risky sexual behavior (RSB) in college students with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • To examine the influence of ADHD diagnosis, medication status, executive functioning, substance use, and comorbid mental health conditions on RSB.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study using multiple group latent growth curve modeling over four years.
  • Comparison of college students with ADHD (medicated and unmedicated) and a control group.
  • Assessment of ADHD diagnosis, medication status, executive functioning, substance use (alcohol, cannabis), anxiety, depression, and gender as predictors.

Main Results:

  • First-year students with ADHD reported higher RSB rates than peers without ADHD, irrespective of medication status.
  • ADHD medication was associated with decreased RSB over time in the medicated ADHD group.
  • Anxiety predicted increased current RSB in medicated ADHD students; depression predicted decreased future RSB in unmedicated ADHD students.
  • Alcohol and cannabis use increased RSB across all groups; cannabis use decreased future RSB in the comparison group.
  • Executive functioning deficits and male gender predicted RSB in the comparison group.

Conclusions:

  • College students with ADHD are at a higher risk for engaging in RSB.
  • While ADHD medication may mitigate future RSB, comorbid conditions and substance use remain significant factors.
  • Tailored interventions addressing executive functioning, substance use, and mental health are needed for college students with ADHD to reduce RSB.