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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test
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Subjective Social Status and Longitudinal Changes in Systemic Inflammation.

Emily J Jones1, Anna L Marsland1, Thomas E Kraynak2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
|August 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Lower subjective social status (SSS) is linked to increased inflammation over time. This longitudinal association was observed for interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not C-reactive protein (CRP).

Keywords:
C-reactive proteinInflammationInterleukin-6Socioeconomic statusSubjective social status

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Subjective social status (SSS) is a person's perceived social rank.
  • SSS is independently linked to systemic inflammation, irrespective of objective socioeconomic status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal relationship between SSS and changes in inflammation over multiple years.
  • To determine if associations between SSS and inflammation differ by race or sex.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy adults (N=331) provided data at baseline and after 2.85 years.
  • Inflammation markers (IL-6, CRP) and SSS (community and US versions) were measured at both visits.
  • Multiple linear regression analyses examined longitudinal associations, adjusting for covariates and exploring moderation by race/sex.

Main Results:

  • Lower subjective social status (community and US versions) was longitudinally associated with increased interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, hopelessness, and depressive symptoms.
  • No significant associations were found for C-reactive protein (CRP), nor was moderation by race or sex observed.

Conclusions:

  • Lower subjective social status may predict increases in circulating inflammatory markers, specifically IL-6, over time.
  • These findings highlight the potential long-term health implications of perceived social rank.