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Range-wide differential adaptation and genomic offset in critically endangered Asian rosewoods.

Tin Hang Hung1, Thea So2, Bansa Thammavong3

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 7, 2023
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Summary

Rosewoods face genetic risks from illegal trade and climate change. Genomic analysis reveals species-specific adaptation strategies crucial for conserving these valuable tropical trees.

Keywords:
adaptationclimate vulnerabilityconservationecological genomicsrosewood

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Genomics
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Rosewoods are the most trafficked wild product globally, with *Dalbergia cochinchinensis* and *Dalbergia oliveri* being highly sought after in the Greater Mekong Subregion.
  • These species face significant genetic risks due to overexploitation and limited understanding of their adaptive capacity, hindering conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present genome assemblies and conduct range-wide genomic scans for adaptive variation in *D. cochinchinensis* and *D. oliveri*.
  • To predict genomic offset to climate change for these rosewood species.
  • To inform species-specific conservation strategies and restoration efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Genome assembly and sequencing.
  • Range-wide genomic scans for adaptive variation.
  • Genomic offset prediction under various climate change scenarios.
  • Development of the *seedeR* application for seed source matching.

Main Results:

  • Adaptive genomic variation was differentially associated with temperature and precipitation, reflecting differences in pioneering ability and drought tolerance.
  • Genomic offsets are predicted to increase with climate change, at a faster rate for *D. cochinchinensis* than *D. oliveri*.
  • Distinct gene-environment associations were identified, particularly in Vietnam's eastern coastal region.

Conclusions:

  • Species-specific conservation actions are recommended: broad germplasm representation for *D. cochinchinensis* and targeted conservation in genomic offset hotspots for *D. oliveri*.
  • The developed genomic models and the *seedeR* application can rapidly inform restoration initiatives.
  • This ecological genomic research provides insights into conserving tropical trees globally against climate change impacts.