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The Emerging Role of MAIT Cell Responses in Viral Infections
Johan K Sandberg1, Edwin Leeansyah2,3, Michael A Eller4
1Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|August 7, 2023
Summary
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, recognizing microbial metabolites, also fight viral infections. Their role in antiviral immunity is complex, impacting host defense and inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
Background:
- Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T cells with innate-like antimicrobial responses.
- MAIT cells typically recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites via MR1 restriction.
Approach:
- This review summarizes recent research on MAIT cell involvement in viral infections.
- It highlights MAIT cell responses to various viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2.
- The review discusses both Ag-independent and Ag-dependent roles of MAIT cells in antiviral immunity.
Key Points:
- MAIT cells can provide antiviral protection or exacerbate inflammation and immunopathology.
- Chronic viral infections often lead to MAIT cell functional and numerical impairment.
- Understanding MAIT cell dynamics is crucial for host defense strategies.
Conclusions:
- MAIT cells play a multifaceted role in antiviral immunity.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate their functions and therapeutic potential.
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