Ca²⁺ signaling and the Hippo pathway: Intersections in cellular regulation

The Hippo signaling pathway is a master regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis. Hippo integrates a broad range of cellular signals to regulate numerous processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and mechanosensation. Ca²⁺ is a fundamental second messenger that modulates signaling cascades involved in diverse cellular functions, some of which are also regulated by the Hippo pathway. Studies published over the last five years indicate that Ca²⁺ can influence core Hippo pathway components. Nevertheless, comprehensive understanding of the crosstalk between Ca²⁺ signaling and the Hippo pathway, and possible mechanisms through which Ca²⁺ regulates Hippo, remain to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the multiple intersections between Ca²⁺ and the Hippo pathway and address the biological consequences.