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A morphological study on the sphenoid bone ligaments' ossification pattern.

Maria Piagkou1, Aliki Fiska2, George Tsakotos3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece. mapian@med.uoa.gr.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ossification of sphenoid bone ligaments, including the pterygoalar (PTAL) and pterygospinous (PTSL) ligaments, was common, particularly extracranially. This knowledge is vital for surgical approaches near the foramen ovale and sella.

Keywords:
CaroticoclinoidInterclinoidLigamentOssificationPterygoalarPterygospinousSellaSkullSphenoid bone

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Craniology
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • Sphenoid bone (SB) ligaments, specifically extracranial ligaments (ECRLs) like the pterygoalar (PTAL) and pterygospinous (PTSL) ligaments, and intracranial ligaments (ICRLs) such as the caroticoclinoid ligament (CCLL), anterior interclinoid (AICLL), and posterior interclinoid (PICLL) ligaments, play a role in cranial anatomy.
  • Ossification of these ligaments can impact neurovascular structures and surgical access to the skull base.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence, location, and characteristics of ossified sphenoid bone extracranial and intracranial ligaments.
  • To analyze the ossification patterns in relation to laterality, gender, age, and simultaneous presence of ossified ligaments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 156 Greek adult dried skulls of both genders and variable ages.
  • Identification and classification of ossified ECRLs and ICRLs, noting partial or complete ossification.

Main Results:

  • Ossified ligaments were found in 57.05% of skulls, with extracranial ossification being more prevalent (42.31%).
  • ECRLs were predominantly unilateral (30.13%), while ICRLs were more frequent in males (31.1%).
  • The PTAL (32.69%) was the most frequently ossified ligament, followed by CCLL (24.36%), PTSL (16.03%), PICLL (6.41%), and AICLL (4.49%). ECRL ossification was more common in individuals aged 60 and above (52.8%).

Conclusions:

  • Detailed understanding of sphenoid bone morphology and ligament ossification is crucial for surgical procedures.
  • Knowledge of these ossified ligaments can help minimize complications during percutaneous foramen ovale and sellar approaches.