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The protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines on developing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): a
Mohamad Hamad Saied1,2, Laura van der Griend3, Joeri W van Straalen4
1Department of Paediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands. mohamad.hmd@gmail.com.
Insights
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines significantly reduce the risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Vaccination is safer than infection, reinforcing recommendations for pediatric COVID-19 immunization.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric immunology
- Vaccinology
- Infectious disease epidemiology
Background:
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious complication following COVID-19 infection.
- The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing MIS-C remains a critical public health question.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccines demonstrate significant efficacy in preventing MIS-C in children.
- Vaccination is associated with substantially lower MIS-C development compared to infection.
- Findings support and reinforce recommendations for pediatric COVID-19 vaccination.
Objective:
To review whether the current COVID-19 vaccines can prevent the occurrence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adolescents.
Methods:
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed. The data were abstracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Primary outcome was the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing MIS-C development. The search was performed in PubMed and Embase.
Results:
The review yielded 13 studies, which were included for critical appraisal and data extraction. The available studies showed a reduced incidence of MIS-C after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in children aged 12-18 years. Four studies were eligible for meta-analysis and the pooled odds ratio for MIS-C in vaccinated children compared to unvaccinated children was 0.04 (95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.06). Additionally, the risk of MIS-C as an adverse effect of vaccination was much lower compared to the risk of MIS-C post-infection.
Conclusions:
Our systematic review highlights the current available evidence on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing MIS-C. The published studies so far - mainly conducted during the Delta wave - indicate that (original strain) COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in children are safe and associated with significantly less development of MIS-C. These findings further reinforce the recommendation for COVID-19 vaccination in children, which should be promoted and largely supported.
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