Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

103
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
103
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

140
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
140
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

195
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
195
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

111
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
111
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

96
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
96
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

183
Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
183

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparison of outcomes after occipitocervical fusion in adult versus pediatric patients: the University of Oklahoma experience.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics·2026
Same author

Mistaken Identity: Superior Mesenteric Vein Syndrome Presenting as Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome.

ACG case reports journal·2026
Same author

Treatment of Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms with Flow-Diverter Stents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 1036 Aneurysms.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Synergistic Band-Gap Engineering and Visible-Light Activation in Fe, La Doped ZnO Nanoparticles.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Community-informed design of personalized patient-facing materials to facilitate ED-initiated treatment of opioid use disorder.

PEC innovation·2026
Same author

Flow diverting stents for anterior communicating artery aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of safety, efficacy, and anatomic determinants.

Neurosurgical review·2026
Same journal

A Retrospective Analysis of Cardiac Anatomy in Patients Undergoing the Fontan Operation.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

A Narrative Review of the Potential Impact of Next-Generation Tobacco and Nicotine Products on Cardiovascular Health.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

A Prospective Comparative Study for the Evaluation of Digital Learning as an Academic Tool for MBBS Phase III Students.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

Crossing the Septum: May-Thurner Syndrome and Patent Foramen Ovale as a Dual Mechanism for Recurrent Ischemic Stroke.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

Physical Restraint Practices, Attitudes, and Ethical Perceptions Among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Doctors and Nurses in Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Survey Highlighting the Training-Use Paradox.

Cureus·2026
Same journal

Reversible Rapidly Progressive Dementia Due to Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Cureus·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

13.6K

Distal Esophageal Spasm: An Updated Review.

Eli A Zaher1, Parth Patel1, George Atia2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Ascension Health - Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, USA.

Cureus
|August 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distal esophageal spasm causes swallowing difficulties and chest pain due to premature esophageal contractions. Diagnosis relies on high-resolution manometry, but effective treatments remain limited, necessitating further research.

Keywords:
chicago classificationdistal esophageal spasmdysphagiafunctional lumen imaging probehigh resolution manometrynitric oxide (no)peroral endoscopic myotomy (poem)

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

2.9K
Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
11:19

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

13.6K
Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

2.9K
Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
11:19

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Motility Disorders

Background:

  • Distal esophageal spasm (DES) is a motility disorder characterized by premature distal esophageal contractions.
  • Symptoms include non-obstructive dysphagia and non-cardiac chest pain.
  • Current diagnostic criteria and treatments require refinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic criteria and management of distal esophageal spasm.
  • To highlight recent advancements in diagnostic modalities like high-resolution manometry and functional lumen imaging probe.
  • To discuss current therapeutic limitations and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on distal esophageal spasm diagnosis and management.
  • Analysis of updates to the Chicago Classification for esophageal manometry.
  • Evaluation of emerging diagnostic tools and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of DES requires symptoms and manometric evidence of premature contractions (>20%) with normal lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.
  • High-resolution manometry, especially with updated Chicago Classification, improves diagnostic accuracy.
  • Functional lumen imaging probe offers a comprehensive assessment of esophageal motility.
  • Pharmacologic treatments are currently inadequate for DES.
  • Endoscopic myotomy shows potential for non-achalasia esophageal motility disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of DES is enhanced by high-resolution manometry and updated classifications.
  • Effective and long-lasting management strategies for DES are still lacking.
  • Further research into pathophysiology and treatment is crucial for improving patient outcomes.