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Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

81.7K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
81.7K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

1.5K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
6.6K
Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

4.3K
The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
4.3K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

3.6K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM

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The resolution of phagosomes.

Sivakami Mylvaganam1,2, Spencer A Freeman1,2

  • 1Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Immunological Reviews
|August 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Phagocytosis removes harmful particles, but requires resolution to maintain cell function and prevent disease. This study explores how phagocytes process and redistribute cellular waste to avoid harmful buildup.

Keywords:
V-ATPaseantigen presentationatherosclerosislipofuscinmTORneurodegenerative diseases

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"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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Area of Science:

  • Immunobiology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Metabolic Pathways

Background:

  • Phagocytosis is a critical immune process for clearing pathogens and debris.
  • Phagocytes perform numerous phagocytic events daily yet remain long-lived.
  • Efficient resolution of phagocytic meals is essential for sustained phagocyte function and preventing cellular defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the resolution of phagolysosomes.
  • To understand how phagolysosomal contents contribute to phagocyte metabolism and immune responses.
  • To explore the redistribution of phagosomal metabolites and associated pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of solute transport pathways involved in phagosome resolution.
  • Investigation of membrane trafficking dynamics during phagolysosome processing.
  • Examination of metabolic products released from phagolysosomes.

Main Results:

  • Phagosome resolution involves specific solute transport and membrane traffic mechanisms.
  • Liberated phagolysosomal products fuel phagocyte metabolism and immune signaling.
  • Potential pathways for metabolite redistribution back into circulation are proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Effective phagosome resolution is vital for maintaining immune cell health and function.
  • Dysfunctional resolution contributes to storage disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Further research into metabolite redistribution could reveal therapeutic targets.