Measured GFR in murine animal models: review on methods, techniques, and procedures

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Pharmacology
• Translational Medicine

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern with rising mortality.
• Early detection of CKD is vital to prevent end-stage renal disease.
• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a key indicator of kidney function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of GFR assessment methods in murine models.
• To discuss the advantages and limitations of each GFR determination technique.
• To guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for CKD studies in mice.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on GFR measurement techniques in murine models.
• Analysis of methods including serum/urine creatinine, cystatin-C, and exogenous marker clearance (inulin, iohexol, etc.).
• Comparison of the accuracy, reliability, and practicality of different GFR assessment approaches.

Main Results:

• Estimation of GFR using serum/urine creatinine or cystatin-C in mice has limitations in accuracy.
• Exogenous markers offer alternative GFR measurement but also have drawbacks.
• No single standardized method for GFR determination in murine models is currently established.

Conclusions:

• Accurate GFR assessment in murine models is essential for understanding CKD progression.
• Researchers must carefully consider the advantages and limitations of available methods.
• Further standardization of GFR measurement techniques in mice is needed for reliable research outcomes.