Convergent Deboronative and Decarboxylative Phosphonylation Enabled by the Phosphite Radical Trap "BecaP"

Carbon-phosphorus bond formation is significant in synthetic chemistry because phosphorus-containing compounds offer numerous indispensable biochemical roles. While there is a plethora of methods to access organophosphorus compounds, phosphonylations of readily accessible alkyl radicals to form aliphatic phosphonates are rare and not commonly used in synthesis. Herein, we introduce a novel phosphorus radical trap "BecaP" that enables facile and efficient phosphonylation of alkyl radicals under visible light photocatalytic conditions. Importantly, the ambiphilic nature of BecaP allows redox neutral reactions with both nucleophilic (activated by single-electron oxidation) and electrophilic (activated by single-electron reduction) alkyl radical precursors. Thus, a broad scope of feedstock alkyl potassium trifluoroborate salts and redox active carboxylate esters could be employed, with each class of substrate proceeding through a distinct mechanistic pathway. The mild conditions are applicable to the late-stage installation of phosphonate motifs into medicinal agents and natural products, which is showcased by the straightforward conversion of baclofen (muscle relaxant) to phaclofen (GABA_B antagonist).