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Sleep Apnea

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

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Obstructive sleep apnea improves with non-invasive hypoglossal nerve stimulation using temporal interference.

Florian Missey^1,2, Malin Silverå Ejneby³, Ibrahima Ngom²

¹International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic.

Bioelectronic Medicine

|August 8, 2023

Summary

Bilateral temporal interference stimulation offers a novel, non-invasive approach for deep nerve targets. This technique successfully reduced stimulation amplitude for hypoglossal nerve activation and showed clinical potential for treating obstructive sleep apnea.

Keywords:

Hypoglossal nerve Obstructive sleep apnea Peripheral nerve stimulation Temporal interference

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Medical Devices

Background:

Non-invasive peripheral nerve stimulation faces limitations in depth penetration and focality for deep nerve targets.
Temporal interference stimulation (TI) has been previously shown to overcome these limitations.
Current TI techniques require further refinement for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To implement and evaluate bilateral temporal interference stimulation (BTIS) for bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation.
To assess the efficacy of BTIS in reducing stimulation amplitude for nerve activation.
To investigate the clinical potential of TI for treating conditions like obstructive sleep apnea.

Main Methods:

Bilateral temporal interference stimulation was applied to the hypoglossal nerves in rodents and humans.
Pairs of electrodes were positioned along both hypoglossal nerves for synchronous stimulation.
Behavioral and electrophysiological responses were recorded and compared with unilateral TI and traditional transcutaneous stimulation.

Main Results:

Bilateral temporal interference stimulation elicited equivalent behavioral and electrophysiological responses at a significantly reduced stimulation amplitude compared to unilateral TI.
Traditional transcutaneous stimulation failed to evoke responses at comparable stimulation amplitudes.
First-in-man studies demonstrated that TI was well-tolerated and reduced apnea-hypopnea events in a subgroup of female patients.

Conclusions:

Bilateral temporal interference stimulation is a more efficient method for activating the hypoglossal nerve, requiring lower amplitudes.
Temporal interference stimulation shows significant clinical promise for treating obstructive sleep apnea.
TI presents a safe, effective, and patient-friendly therapeutic option for various medical conditions.