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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.2K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.4K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.4K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
27.0K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.6K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
4.6K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.8K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.8K
Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

7.6K
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Quasi-Copper-Mers Enable High-Performance Catalysis for CO2 Reduction.

Jing Yang1, Ximeng Liu2, Zhao Li3

  • 1Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Singapore.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel quasi-copper-mer electrocatalysts for efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction. Quasi-copper-trimers demonstrated superior performance and selectivity in converting CO2 to CO, offering a promising strategy for CO2 mitigation.

Keywords:
CO2 reductioncopper atomquasi trimer

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) necessitates effective mitigation strategies.
  • Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising pathway for converting CO2 into valuable products.
  • A significant challenge is the lack of highly active and selective electrocatalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel class of electrocatalysts, quasi-copper-mers, for CO2 reduction.
  • To evaluate the performance of quasi-copper-monomers, -dimers, and -trimers.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying their electrocatalytic activity and selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of quasi-copper-monomers, -dimers, and -trimers on a graphene-like substrate.
  • Experimental characterization of synthesized electrocatalysts.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to analyze atomic structures and reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Quasi-copper-trimers exhibited higher activity for CO2 to CO conversion compared to dimers and monomers.
  • Quasi-copper-trimers showed superior selectivity, suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
  • DFT calculations supported experimental findings and revealed the origin of the trimer's enhanced performance.

Conclusions:

  • Quasi-copper-mers, particularly trimers, represent a new class of effective electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
  • The CuN4 motif, not individual Cu atoms, is the key building block for high performance.
  • This work presents a novel strategy for designing high-activity and high-selectivity electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion.