Histopathological Results of Conjunctival Masses with Suspected Malignancy Based on Slit-lamp Biomicroscopy

To evaluate the histopathological results of conjunctival masses suspected to be malignant based on biomicroscopic examination.

Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Celal Bayar University, Hafsa Sultan Hospital, Manisa, Turkiye, from November 2013 to February 2021.

Patients who underwent excision for the diagnosis and treatment of conjunctival surface masses with clinical suspicion of malignancy were evaluated retrospectively. The masses were categorised as benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions according to the histopathological results. The distribution of conjunctival masses was analysed according to patients' gender and age groups.

The study included 98 conjunctival masses in 98 patients (57.1% men, mean age 48.6±21.85 years). On pathological examination, 63 of the masses were found to be benign (64.3%), 22 were premalignant (22.4%), and 13 were malignant (13.3%). The most common benign lesion was nevus (n=21, 21.4%). All detected premalignant lesions were conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN), detected in 22 patients (22.4%). Of these, 13 patients (13.3%) had carcinoma in situ (CIN III). Thirteen (13.3%) of the masses were malignant, the most common being squamous cell carcinoma (n=10, 10.2%). The frequency of premalignant and malignant lesions increased with age (p<0.001). There was no statistical relationship between malignancy and gender (p=0.619).

Most conjunctival masses in this series were benign, with nevi being the most common. The most common premalignant and malignant lesions were intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Malignant conjunctival lesions were more common in older patients.

Conjunctival nevus, Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, Squamous cell carcinoma.