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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model
Published on: May 24, 2024
Andrea Luca1, Riccardo Giorgino2,3
1Spine Unit III, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) offer significant potential in spine surgery for assessment, training, and workflow. This paper reviews their applications, benefits, and challenges in the field.
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