Two different molecular species of pig calpastatin. Structural and functional relationship between 107 kDa and 68 kDa...

Calpastatin, the inhibitor protein acting specifically on calpain (EC 3.4.22.17; Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteinase), is known to be widely distributed in mammalian and avian cells. Two different molecular species of calpastatin were isolated and purified to homogeneity from pig heart muscle and from pig erythrocytes, and shown to be of 107 kDa and 68 kDa respectively on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Both calpastatins had very similar amino acid compositions when expressed as mol per cent of the residues, differed by only 0.1 pH unit in their isoelectric points, and showed immunological cross-reactivity. One molecule of the 107 kDa species could bind approx. 8 calpain molecules, whereas the 68 kDa inhibitor could bind approx. 5 calpain molecules. These findings suggest similar protein structures of the 107 kDa and 68 kDa calpastatins, each being composed of extended multidomains, with unit inhibitor domains aligned along the polypeptide chain of the molecule. The present study does not conclude, however, whether or not the 68 kDa calpastatin found in erythrocytes is a derived product from the 107 kDa species, which is present as such in heart muscle.