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HELICOBACTER AND HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES: UPDATE 2023.

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Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to hepatobiliary diseases. Further research is needed to confirm if eradicating H. pylori improves these conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatobiliary diseases of inflammatory and neoplastic origin are associated with Helicobacter infection.
  • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a known cause of gastroduodenal diseases, with emerging evidence suggesting its role in extragastric conditions.
  • The bacterium has been detected in liver, biliary tract, and gallstone tissues, indicating potential involvement in hepatobiliary pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the involvement of H. pylori in the development and progression of hepatobiliary diseases.
  • To discuss the potential mechanisms of Helicobacter spp. translocation into the hepatobiliary system.
  • To highlight the need for histopathological confirmation of H. pylori eradication's impact on hepatobiliary disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and scientific data.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms for Helicobacter spp. entry into the hepatobiliary system (translocation, ascending pathway).
  • Examination of systemic effects of H. pylori infection, including pro-inflammatory cytokine activity.

Main Results:

  • Clinical studies indicate an association between Helicobacter infection and inflammatory/neoplastic hepatobiliary diseases.
  • H. pylori infection can exert systemic effects via pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, interferons) and acute phase proteins.
  • The bacterium's presence in hepatobiliary tissues suggests a potential role, though not definitively established.

Conclusions:

  • The definitive role of H. pylori in liver and biliary diseases requires further investigation.
  • Histopathological confirmation is essential to establish whether H. pylori eradication prevents or improves hepatobiliary disease progression.
  • The clinical significance of other Helicobacter species in hepatobiliary diseases remains under discussion.