Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2025
In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: February 25, 2022
Validation of the Usefulness of the Diameter Reduction, Spiral Shape, Flow Impairment, or Adverse Morphology
Takehiro Yamada1, Takahiro Tokuda2, Naoki Yoshioka3
1Division of Cardiology, Central Japan International Medical Center.
Aim:
The accuracy of the DISFORM (diameter reduction, spiral shape, flow impairment, or adverse morphology) classification system has not been validated.
Methods:
This retrospective multicenter observational study enrolled 288 consecutive patients with lower extremity artery disease who underwent endovascular therapy with drug-coated balloons for femoropopliteal lesions between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were classified into DISFORM I-IV groups. Primary patency (PP) and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) at 12 months, and recurrence predictors at 12 months were investigated.
Results:
In total, 183, 66, 11, and 28 patients were classified into DISFORM I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively. In the DISFORM I, II, III, and IV groups, the PP rates were 75.3%, 91.1%, 87.5%, and 50.0%, respectively, and freedom from CD-TLR rates were 86.0%, 91.6%, 88.9%, and 76.7%, respectively, at 12 months. In the DISFORM I-III and IV groups, the PP rates were 79.4% and 50.0%, respectively, and freedom from CD-TLR rates were 87.5% and 76.7%, respectively, at 12 months. Multivariate analysis showed that chronic limb-threatening ischemia, DISFORM IV, and Lutonix™ use were independent predictors of PP loss at 12 months.
Conclusion:
DISFORM IV had a lower PP rate than DISFORM I-III in midterm phase.
