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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

17
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
17
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

9
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs but also impacts other areas, such as the arms, thereby impairing overall circulation and organ function.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty deposits inside the arterial...
9
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

13
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
13
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

11
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
11
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

12
 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
12
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

462
Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....
462

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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
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Testosterone and Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Aleš Blinc1,2, Gerit Holger Schernthaner3, Pavel Poredoš1

  • 1Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Current Vascular Pharmacology
|August 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Men

Keywords:
Testosteroneandrogendeprivationcardiovascular diseasemale hypogonadismperformance-enhancing drugperipheral arterial diseasetrans-men.vascular function

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and cardiovascular health.
  • Investigating the complex relationship between testosterone and vascular health.

Background:

  • Testosterone levels naturally decline with age in men.
  • Low testosterone is linked to various health issues, including cardiovascular mortality.
  • Previous studies on testosterone and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) show conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the association between testosterone levels and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
  • To explore the dual effects of testosterone on vascular function and metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational studies examining testosterone levels and PAD.
  • Analysis of methodological variations in free testosterone estimation.
  • Consideration of testosterone's physiological effects on the cardiovascular system.

Main Results:

  • Observational studies on testosterone and PAD yield inconsistent findings.
  • Some studies suggest a link between low free testosterone and PAD.
  • Testosterone has both beneficial (vasodilation, metabolic improvements) and detrimental (platelet aggregation, increased hematocrit) effects.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between testosterone and PAD is complex and not fully elucidated.
  • Methodological differences and testosterone's multifaceted actions contribute to study discrepancies.
  • Careful consideration of testosterone's effects is crucial in clinical practice, with potential risks and benefits depending on context.