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Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...

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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Partial Adrenalectomy-Why Should it be Considered?

Alosh Madala¹, Michael Daugherty¹, Gennady Bratslavsky¹

¹Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.

Urology Practice

|August 10, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Partial adrenalectomy may benefit patients with hereditary adrenal tumors due to high bilaterality rates. Pheochromocytomas and aldosterone-producing adenomas show the highest bilateral involvement, making adrenal-sparing surgery a consideration.

Keywords:

adrenal gland diseases adrenal insufficiency adrenalectomy

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology
Adrenal Gland Pathology

Background:

Biochemically active adrenal masses often necessitate surgical intervention.
Partial adrenalectomy is gaining traction for smaller adrenal masses, but its benefit in preserving adrenal function for contralateral pathology remains unclear.
Evaluating bilaterality and other risks to adrenal health is crucial for surgical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the frequency of bilateral adrenal involvement in common primary adrenal tumors.
To determine the likelihood of other pathologies affecting adrenal gland health.
To inform surgical strategies, particularly partial adrenalectomy, for adrenal masses.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review of PubMed was conducted.
Identified 25 articles reporting bilaterality of pheochromocytomas, aldosterone-producing adenomas, and cortisol-producing adenomas.
Assessed etiologies of adrenal damage from other pathological processes.

Main Results:

Bilaterality rates varied widely (4.25%–80%), with hereditary pheochromocytomas up to 80% and nonhereditary up to 25%.
Aldosterone-producing adenomas showed ~4% bilaterality; cortisol-producing tumors had rare reports.
Other adrenal damage causes (infections, metastasis) presented a ~1% combined probability.

Conclusions:

Partial adrenalectomy is a viable option for hereditary syndromes due to increased contralateral gland disease risk.
Pheochromocytomas and aldosterone-producing adenomas exhibit the highest bilateral involvement rates.
Considering bilaterality and other risks, partial adrenalectomy should be evaluated for metabolically active adrenal tumors.