Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K

Influence of Mode of Delivery on Children's Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Intelligence

Min Xu1, Xuemei Yu1, Benjie Fan1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao, China.

Psychiatry Investigation
|August 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cesarean delivery may increase the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower intelligence scores in children. This study found higher ADHD rates and lower IQs in cesarean-born children compared to those born vaginally.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Cesarean delivery is a common birth method worldwide.
  • Potential long-term neurodevelopmental effects of birth mode require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intelligence levels between children born via cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of singleton children born between 2013-2014.
  • Utilized Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-48) for ADHD assessment.
  • Assessed crystallized and fluid intelligence using China-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC) and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices.

Main Results:

  • Higher ADHD index and detection rates were observed in the cesarean delivery group.
  • Children born by cesarean delivery exhibited lower performance intelligence quotient scores.
  • A total of 10,568 valid questionnaires were analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • Cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of ADHD.
  • Lower performance intelligence quotient is more prevalent in children born via cesarean delivery compared to vaginal birth.
  • Findings suggest a potential link between birth mode and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderCesarean sectionIntelligence

More Related Videos

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.8K
Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol13:09

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

10.4K

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
131
Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
343
Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

Biological Influences on Intelligence

Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
145
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
77
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
612
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
161