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Intergroup Context Moderates the Impact of White Americans' Identification on Racial Categorization of Ambiguous
Jacqueline M Chen1, Chanel Meyers2, Kristin Pauker3
1The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|August 10, 2023
Summary
When categorizing faces, White Americans showed ingroup overexclusion. Adding more outgroups in tasks, however, reduced this bias, suggesting multiple outgroups can lessen racial identity
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Perception Science
Background:
- Social categorization influences intergroup bias.
- Identity-driven ingroup overexclusion occurs when highly identified individuals exclude ambiguous ingroup members.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how the number of groups in a categorization task affects White Americans' categorization of ambiguous faces.
- To test if increasing outgroups dilutes identity-driven ingroup overexclusion.
Main Methods:
- Fourteen studies (N=4,001) measured White Americans' racial identification.
- Participants categorized ambiguous faces under conditions with two, three, or open-ended numbers of groups.
- Ingroup overexclusion was measured by the rate of categorizing ambiguous faces into the ingroup category.
Main Results:
- Participants consistently overexcluded ambiguous faces from the White category across all conditions.
- Identity-driven ingroup overexclusion was absent in the three-group task.
- Limited support for the dilution effect was found in the open-ended task.
Conclusions:
- The presence of multiple outgroups may attenuate the impact of racial identity on race perception.
- Categorization task structure significantly influences intergroup bias dynamics.
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