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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology
06:19

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology

Published on: May 31, 2024

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The Reliability of Auto-Injectors in Clinical Use: A Systematic Review.

Petr Dostal1, Jorg Taubel2, Ulrike Lorch3

  • 1Clinical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, GBR.

Cureus
|August 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auto-injectors are highly reliable medical devices, with a low malfunction rate of 0.40%. Further research into specific failure causes is recommended to enhance training and development for optimal use.

Keywords:
auto-injectorclinical developmentclinical trialdeliverydruginjectionpharmaceuticalpharmacology

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Devices
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Auto-injectors facilitate patient self-administration and emergency medical injections.
  • These devices, typically spring-loaded syringes, are widely used but lack comprehensive reliability assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review auto-injector reliability.
  • To identify common causes of auto-injector failure.
  • To summarize the overall rate of auto-injector malfunction.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of studies from PubMed and Cochrane Library databases was conducted in July 2022.
  • Ten studies with low risk of bias and high methodological quality were included.
  • Data on auto-injector reliability and malfunction rates were extracted and synthesized.

Main Results:

  • A total of 2,964 injections were analyzed, with 12 device malfunctions recorded.
  • The summary rate of auto-injector failure was 0.40% (±0.23%).
  • The specific causes for 58.3% of malfunctions were not identified.

Conclusions:

  • Auto-injectors demonstrate a high level of reliability based on current evidence.
  • The low malfunction rate supports continued development and training for optimal auto-injector use.
  • Further investigation into the specific nature of device malfunctions is warranted.