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CRISPR and crRNAs

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...

CRISPR

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Pooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells

Pooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells

Published on: September 4, 2019

Pooled Genome-Scale CRISPR Screens in Single Cells.

Daniel Schraivogel¹, Lars M Steinmetz^1,2,3, Leopold Parts⁴

¹Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany;

Annual Review of Genetics

|August 10, 2023

Summary

Pooled single-cell CRISPR screening revolutionizes gene function studies by combining CRISPR-Cas gene editing with single-cell analysis. This advanced genetic screening method enables scalable, unbiased functional genomics for cell biology and drug discovery.

Keywords:

CRISPR cell sorting functional genomics genomics single cell

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Pooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells

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Published on: September 4, 2019

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Cell Surface Receptor Identification Using Genome-Scale CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Screens

Cell Surface Receptor Identification Using Genome-Scale CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Screens

Published on: June 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Functional Genomics
Therapeutic Development

Background:

Understanding gene function and expression control is fundamental to cell biology and developing new therapies.
Traditional genetic screening methods are often laborious, limited in scale, and biased.
CRISPR-Cas technology has advanced gene function modulation and single-cell measurement capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the principles and practical aspects of pooled single-cell CRISPR screening.
To highlight how technological advancements enable complex readouts from single cells in pooled screens.
To discuss the potential of this approach to accelerate biomedical research.

Main Methods:

Pooled screening utilizing CRISPR-Cas for gene perturbation.
Single-cell analysis techniques, including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).
Cell sorting-based readouts, such as image-enabled cell sorting.

Main Results:

Pooled single-cell CRISPR screening overcomes limitations of traditional methods, offering efficiency and scalability.
This approach allows for complex, unbiased functional readouts at the single-cell level.
Integration of CRISPR-Cas with scRNA-seq and cell sorting enables detailed cellular phenotype analysis.

Conclusions:

Pooled single-cell CRISPR screening represents a transformative approach in functional genomics.
It significantly enhances the ability to assign gene functions and understand gene expression.
This methodology is poised to drive significant advancements in biomedical research and therapeutic development.