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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data01:17

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data

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Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health History
The initial step in assessing the GI system is obtaining a comprehensive health history. This includes inquiring about the patient's history or presence of problems...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

109
This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Stroke.

Heather Y F Yong1,2, Aravind Ganesh1,2, Carlos Camara-Lemarroy1,2

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.

Seminars in Neurology
|August 10, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ischemic stroke survivors frequently experience gastrointestinal (GI) complications. This review explores the gut-brain axis, gut dysbiosis, and novel therapeutics for stroke patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Over 50% of ischemic stroke survivors develop gastrointestinal (GI) complications, including dysphagia, constipation, and bleeding.
  • A bidirectional relationship exists between the gut-brain axis and stroke, where stroke induces gut dysbiosis, and dysbiosis worsens neurological outcomes.
  • Proinflammatory cells and gut metabolites from the GI tract are implicated in gut-brain axis dysfunction post-stroke.

Approach:

  • Review of current literature on GI complications in acute ischemic stroke.
  • Analysis of experimental stroke models to understand gut-brain axis dysfunction.
  • Exploration of emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-brain axis.

Key Points:

  • Stroke significantly impacts the gut microbiome, leading to dysbiosis.
  • Gut dysbiosis can exacerbate neurological deficits following a stroke.
  • Metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids play a role in gut-brain communication.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the gut-brain axis is crucial for managing stroke recovery.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome offers potential new therapeutic avenues for stroke.
  • Further research into gut-brain axis interventions may improve functional outcomes in stroke survivors.