Analysis of shear-induced platelet aggregation with population balance mathematics

Suspensions of blood platelets aggregate and degranulate when subjected to a shearing flow of sufficient intensity. This work examines, by means of a population balance technique, the kinetics of platelet aggregation in a shear field. The particle collision efficiency, epsilon, and the particle void volume fraction, phi, are estimated from particle number density data. The collision efficiency represents the fraction of particle collisions that result in the binding together of the involved particles. We term epsilon and phi population balance properties because they refer to physical characteristics of platelets and aggregates that are pertinent to their aggregation behavior. Experiments focused on the dependence of epsilon on platelet concentration, shearing rate, and time in a controlled shear field. The collision efficiency is lower in dilute platelet suspensions. This finding supports an ADP-mediated mechanism for shear aggregation. The collision efficiency passes through a maximum with respect to shearing rate, suggesting a competition between the opposing effects of increasing platelet activation and increasing collision violence. The collision efficiency is highest during the first ten seconds in the shear field and declines significantly thereafter. Even at its maximum, however, epsilon for shear aggregation is small: only about one in every thousand particle collisions results in binding.