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Capability accumulation patterns across economic, innovation, and knowledge-production activities.

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National economic systems evolve through multi-layer networks. Developed nations specialize in advanced science, while emerging countries gain prominence in basic research, impacting global innovation and trade competitiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Economic Complexity
  • Innovation Systems
  • Network Science

Background:

  • National economic and innovation systems evolve via complex dynamics across interconnected activity layers.
  • These layers include scientific research, technological innovation, industrial production, and trade, forming a multi-layer network of country proficiencies.
  • Nestedness is a key characteristic observed across these diverse network layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the structure and evolution of national economic and innovation systems.
  • To investigate the relationship between country competitiveness, diversification, and network structures across different activity domains.
  • To understand the role of scientific research evolution in shaping national capabilities and global economic dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of multi-layer network structures connecting countries to their proficient activities.
  • Examination of nestedness as a footprint of complex dynamics across scientific, innovation, industrial, and trade layers.
  • Correlation analysis between country competitiveness and diversification within different network layers.

Main Results:

  • Country competitiveness strongly correlates with diversification in innovation and trade layers.
  • The scientific research layer exhibits increasing modularity, with developed countries focusing on advanced fields and emerging countries on basic ones.
  • Developed nations reduce activity in less sophisticated research areas, potentially due to resource constraints and collaborative patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Economic evolution is influenced by a trade-off between diversification for growth and efficient resource allocation.
  • Resource constraints drive developed countries towards specialization in complex research fields, impacting their overall scientific activity.
  • International collaboration patterns can mitigate the need for broad competitiveness in basic research, enabling focus on advanced scientific domains.