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  11. Factors Associated With Healthy Aging In Latin American Populations

Factors associated with healthy aging in Latin American populations

Hernando Santamaria-Garcia1,2,3, Agustín Sainz-Ballesteros4, Hernán Hernandez4,5

  • 1Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. hernando.santamaria@gbhi.org.

Nature Medicine
|August 10, 2023

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social and health disparities, not just age and sex, significantly impact healthy aging in Latin America and the Caribbean. These factors are more pronounced in lower-income countries, requiring tailored public health interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Public Health
  • Epidemiology

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  • Health Disparities

    • Background:

    • Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) populations exhibit diverse sociodemographic, ethnic, and cultural characteristics that challenge universal healthy aging models.
    • The interplay of risk factors influencing healthy aging across LAC countries remains under-explored.
    • Disparity-related factors and inter-country variability may play a more significant role in LAC healthy aging compared to classical demographic drivers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the combined influence of social determinants of health (SDH), lifestyle, cardiometabolic factors, mental health, and demographics on healthy aging (cognition and functional ability) in LAC.
    • To analyze these impacts across LAC countries with varying socioeconomic development levels.
    • To compare healthy aging patterns within LAC and between a LAC country (Costa Rica) and China.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized cross-sectional and longitudinal machine learning models.
    • Analyzed data from 44,394 participants across LAC countries.
    • Assessed the impact of SDH, lifestyle, cardiometabolic factors, mental health, age, and sex on healthy aging outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • Social and health disparities, including SDH (β > 0.3), mental health (β > 0.6), and cardiometabolic risks (β > 0.22), were stronger predictors of healthy aging than age and sex (β < 0.2).
    • These disparity-driven patterns were more pronounced in low- to middle-income LAC countries compared to high-income ones.
    • Longitudinal analysis showed distinct patterns in Costa Rica compared to China, highlighting region-specific influences.

    Conclusions:

    • Healthy aging in LAC is significantly influenced by social determinants of health and health disparities, often overshadowing traditional demographic factors.
    • Heterogeneous patterns of healthy aging exist across the LAC region, particularly influenced by socioeconomic status.
    • Findings underscore the need for national risk assessments and regionally tailored public health interventions to address inequity-associated and region-specific aging patterns in LAC.